Python uses indentation instead of braces. Statements normally need no semicolon.

print("Hello, world!")
name = "Susan"
count = 3
print(f"Hello {name}")
print(f"Count: {count}")

count = 10          # int
price = 29.95       # float
name = "Susan"      # str
available = True    # bool
painting = None     # no value

number = int("25")
price = float("29.95")
text = str(25)

TAX_RATE = 0.06625  # constant by convention

Python is dynamically typed. Core types: int, float, str, bool, None. Boolean literals are True/False.

+  -  *  /  %
**  # exponent
//  # floor division

score += 1

==  !=  >  <  >=  <=

if age >= 18 and member:
    print("Access")

if not member:
    print("Not a member")

animal = "Great Blue Heron"
print(len(animal))
print(animal.upper())
print(animal.lower())
print("Heron" in animal)
print(f"${29.956:.2f}")

Python uses and, or, not. It has no ++/--.

# list
birds = ["Heron", "Egret", "Pelican"]
print(birds[0])
print(birds[-1])
birds.append("Osprey")

# tuple
coordinates = (10, 20)

# dictionary
painting = {"title": "Blue Heron", "price": 125, "sold": False}
print(painting["title"])
painting["price"] = 150

# set
tags = {"bird", "wildlife", "painting"}

[] list · () tuple · {key: value} dictionary · {values} set.

if paintings > 10:
    print("Large")
elif paintings > 5:
    print("Medium")
else:
    print("Low")

for bird in birds:
    print(bird)

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

for i in range(0, 10, 2):
    print(i)

count = 0
while count < 5:
    count += 1

# loop controls
break
continue

range(start, stop, step) excludes the stop value. Python uses elif, not else if.

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

def greet(name="Guest"):
    print(f"Hello {name}")

def typed_add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
    return a + b

count: int = 5
birds: list[str] = ["Heron", "Egret"]

Pattern: def function_name(parameters):. A function without an explicit return value returns None. Type hints aid readability and tooling.

class Painting:
    def __init__(self, title, price):
        self.title = title
        self.price = price

    def display(self):
        print(f"{self.title}: ${self.price}")

painting = Painting("Blue Heron", 125)
painting.display()

import math
print(math.sqrt(25))

from math import sqrt

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Run directly")

__init__ initializes an instance. self refers to the current instance. Use import to load modules.

try:
    number = int("hello")
except ValueError:
    print("Not a number")
finally:
    print("Always runs")

name = input("Name: ")
age = int(input("Age: "))

# CORE PATTERNS
name = value
print(...)

if condition:
    ...

for item in collection:
    ...

def function_name(parameters):
    ...

input() returns a string. Convert it when numeric input is required.